Members of the Petroleum Oils and Lubricants (POL) squadron at the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing, Operation Enduring Freedom, 30 December 2002 in Al Udeid, Qatar. Photo: Cherie A. Thurlby/USAF/Getty Images.

Members of the Petroleum Oils and Lubricants (POL) squadron at the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing, Operation Enduring Freedom, 30 December 2002 in Al Udeid, Qatar. Photo: Cherie A. Thurlby/USAF/Getty Images.

US Military Policy in the Middle East: An Appraisal

Despite significant financial expenditure and thousands of lives lost, a fundamental shift in policy remains unimaginable at present.

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  • Research paper
  • 18 Oct 2018
  • 1 min read

Authors